http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0315/p01s04-woap.html
Australians wrestle with cultural differences
By Ben Arnoldy | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
CRONULLA, AUSTRALIA – From time to time, Sydney businessman Ahmed Kilani heads to this two-mile stretch of surf and sand. Sometimes he encourages friends to come, other times he walks alone - as a Muslim, as an Australian, and as a silent statement that he belongs here, too.
It's one small effort to keep beaches as central gathering spaces for all Australians. But there are larger ones, too: On Saturday, three months after riots at Cronulla beach focused national attention on race relations, the federal government announced a program to boost minority presence in the respected ranks of life savers.
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In a few short decades, this country has shifted from a "White Australia" policy to one that supports a growing diversity. But the debate on multiculturalism following the Cronulla riots reveals uncertainty over whether that should require more assimilation or allow freedom within the boundaries of fundamental principles.
"A lot of people ask for assimilation. Assimilation means that you forget about your heritage," says Thu Nguyen, a director in the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs in Canberra.
Instead, she says, Australia seeks to give latitude to ethnic traditions as long as they don't conflict with certain basics. "All of us have to observe our democratic principles, the rule of law, equality of the sexes, English as the national language - the basic democratic values we have to put first. Within that framework, people are free to observe their own cultural practices."
But even members of her own government question this vision. Treasurer Peter Costello, who is positioning himself to challenge Prime Minister John Howard, recently criticized a "confused, mushy, misguided multiculturalism" and made reference to the Muslim community in particular.
A poll this month showed broad support for the comments. At the same time, nearly two-thirds of the respondents disagreed with Mr. Howard's assertion in the wake of the Cronulla riots that there was no underlying racism in Australia.
In many ways, the debate has moved far beyond the particulars of what happened on the beaches in and around Cronulla. Most agree that the violence was the handiwork of a few hooligans from both sides, building on fears spread in the media.
The early December attack on some off-duty lifesavers - allegedly by a handful of young men of Lebanese descent - crossed a line. Ethnic Anglo residents described years of frustration with antisocial behavior by some who frequented the beaches via the local train - including picking mismatched fights, playing ball in the middle of sunbathers, and aiming derogatory comments at women.
Scott Goold, a Cronulla native in his 20s, summed up the feeling: "They're volunteers, these people are just doing their job.... Now that it's happened to them, there's no way to say that we did anything to provoke it."
Story continues below
(Photograph)
CRUISERS: Police make their presence felt at Cronulla beach in Australia, where riots last December sparked an intense dialogue about multiculturalism in the country.
ANDY NELSON - STAFF
Mr. Goold, who was on the beach on Dec. 11, says a small protest gathering of local youths was soon overtaken by outsiders who had come to make trouble. In preceding days, the media - particularly talk-back radio - had hyped the attack and broadcast a text message going around calling in insulting terms on people to mark a day of bashing Middle Easterners.
The crowd swelled to 5,000 mostly white youths. A few of them then severely beat several ethnic Lebanese beachgoers. In retaliation, and in response to rumors, dozens of youths from Muslim areas in the southwestern suburbs drove in a convoy of cars down to nearby beaches and bashed in windows and attacked bystanders.
Lebanese have been immigrating to Australia for generations, with a big wave coming during the Lebanese civil war. They now number about 400,000, and in Sydney are concentrated around a diverse region in the southwest known as the Punchbowl. Employment among Lebanese-Australians lags behind the general population. And intermarriage is much lower than that of other immigrant groups, according to Bob Birrell of Monash University in Melbourne.
"Australia doesn't have a tradition of ghettos, and that has been a very good thing," says Keysar Trad, a leader among Australia's ethnic Lebanese community. But some young people of Middle Eastern origin found themselves ostracized from games and other activities on the beaches, he says. "The fact that they were not being invited to play by the other groups became an issue.... Some of them go into antisocial behavior because they want respect."
Not all young Muslims feel this way or have lashed out, of course.
"I don't think I've been pressured by Australians to be another way. By living in Australia, I haven't stopped being a Muslim," says Serag Mohamed, a twentysomething who lives in the suburb of Pananin. He listens to hip-hop, wears Nikes, follows the Sydney Kings basketball team, and attends Friday prayers at the Lakemba mosque.
But others mention a sense of not being considered "fully Australian" by Anglo peers. Fadi Rahman, a youth leader in Sydney, says this disconnect is felt by many young Muslims.
"I'm as much an Aussie as anyone can get," says Mr. Rahman, who was born in Australia and comes from an Lebanese background. "I eat meat pies like everybody - and with tomato sauce, I might add."
"[But] I don't feel that I'm allowed to still be attached to my parents' and grandparents' culture, and whatever I choose to take from it," he says.
Some young Muslims note that acceptance often does come over time - with interaction. This is the idea behind a number of outreach efforts to encourage socializing over sports, food, beach activities, or music, including a national Harmony Day, slated for March 21.
Story continues below
(Photograph)
BEACH TIME: Life-savers keep a watchful eye on swimmers at Cronulla Beach, where ethnic tensions flared in December.
ANDY NELSON - STAFF
The surf lifesaving initiative, which is being rolled out in Sydney with a $440,000 grant, will offer training courses in the inner suburbs for kids who don't feel comfortable or welcome in the clubs. These clubs lie at the cultural center of many of Australia's 11,000 beaches. The goal is to raise minority representation in surf lifesaving above the 5-percent level.
By 2001, 43 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or had one parent born abroad. Some 16 percent of Australians don't speak English at home.
But coming together over cultural activities doesn't mean accepting identical values.
"We can integrate about 80 percent of the Australian values, but there are some things we can't because they are sort of unlawful - alcohol, scantily clad women. I can't go to the beach wearing a Speedo," says Mohamad El-Chami, a young Australian born in Lebanon.
While dress codes may become an issue for the surf life-saving initiative, the group does promote values that are Australian in the most inclusive sense. For instance, community service and volunteering are required of all participants. Healthy lifestyles are also encouraged.
Indeed, some argue that finding values that can be shared - rather than cold legal frameworks - could be the best way to build an inclusive Australian identity.
"Pluralist nations like Australia, with no shared ethnicity and no deep historical traditions, need a strong sense of national identity to bind the people together," write the authors of "Imagining Australia," a book published in 2004 by four young Australians. The authors suggest building that identity around a set of shared values including egalitarianism, mateship, and giving everyone a "fair go." They also argue for removing the British stamp from national symbols such as the flag.
This ambitious proposal goes far beyond the current multicultural drive, begun in the 1970s. The government has loosened non-European immigration and changed school curriculums to include indigenous history and Asian languages. Affirmative action is not required, but the government promotes diverse workforces.
Multiculturalism has raised some hackles in the Anglo suburban heartland as a politically correct imposition by urban elites. The suburbs have absorbed most of the new immigrants, largely peacefully.
In the wake of the riots, Cronulla beach has lost some of its former diversity, despite visits by people like Mr. Kilani.
"You need to get [young Muslims] to feel they belong, and get the wider society to embrace them and to stop painting a whole community with a broad brush," says Kilani, who volunteers with Muslim youths.
Goold, the Cronulla native, has joined a small group working to put together a gathering on May 3 that will involve food, music, and personal reflections. He says it's a good if partial step. "People have to isolate the bad guys from the rest, and the police have to deal with the bad guys," he says. "The rest have to get together and integrate more."
Thursday, March 16, 2006
Monday, March 13, 2006
Faith helps parish unite as migrant issues arise - Daniel Gonzalez - The Arizona Republic
http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/0312tensions-main.html
Faith helps parish unite as migrant issues arise
Longtime members often at odds with newcomers
Daniel González
The Arizona Republic
Mar. 12, 2006 12:00 AM
A small plaster statue of the Virgin of Guadalupe, her brown face cloaked in a green scarf, sits on a shelf in a back room of a Catholic church in Mesa.
For certain weddings, religious celebrations and other special occasions, the statue is brought out of hiding and to the front altar for all to see.
Most Sundays, however, it remains in the back, a symbol of an inner struggle at Christ the King Church over how to accommodate a swell of Spanish-speaking immigrants that is rejuvenating the aging parish and still meet the needs and concerns of its mostly Anglo congregation.
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But Christ the King forges ahead, despite losing some unhappy worshippers, to get past the tensions and focus on faith and devotion.
In pews and under steeples across the Valley and the Southwest, the Catholic Church is coping with the stresses of an unprecedented wave of immigration, both legal and illegal, from Mexico and Central America. Latino immigrants overwhelmingly tend to be Catholic. The state gained more than 500,000 Latino immigrants in the 1990s, the census said, and more keep coming.
Just a few years ago, fewer than 50 Spanish-speaking immigrants regularly attended the sprawling modern church east of downtown Mesa in an older neighborhood of tidy ranch homes.
As the influx at Christ the King sparked hostility and charges of pulpit politics, the church struggled to strike a balance between the needs of mostly poor, Spanish-speaking immigrants, and the wishes of longtime parishioners, Hispanics and Anglos alike.
Arizona Catholic bishops, aware of parish tensions in the region, took the unusual step of writing a pastoral letter late last year reminding the state's 800,000 Catholics that welcoming immigrants is part of church teachings.
"Immigrants, both documented and undocumented, constitute a growing percentage of Arizona Catholics," the bishops wrote in the letter, released Dec. 12 to coincide with the Catholic celebration in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe. "Finding new ways to welcome and integrate immigrants can only make us a stronger and more united Church in Arizona."
In Mesa, the surge inspired one parishioner to donate a statute of La Virgen, the patron saint adored by many Latino Catholics. Like the immigrant population itself, however, no one's been sure what to do with the statue.
A new congregation
At Christ the King, finding ways to welcome Latino immigrants has been challenging.
It started in 1999 when the church introduced a bilingual Spanish-English Mass, in addition to three Sunday morning English Masses.
Christ the King always has prided itself on being hospitable, and in general the congregation supported the bilingual Mass, said the Rev. Christopher Carpenter, the former pastor. But the bilingual Mass didn't sit well with many longtime parishioners, said Carpenter, who took a leave of absence in January, citing health and personal reasons.
Dozens wrote letters and e-mails or voiced objections in person, Carpenter said. The protests came from Anglos and English-speaking Latinos, Carpenter noted. Some complained the bilingual Mass divided the parish into two congregations. Others thought it discouraged immigrants from learning English or that it encouraged illegal immigration.
"I heard things like, 'These people coming here, they might be here illegally. They might be taking our jobs so why should we be helping them?' " Carpenter said.
But more so, Carpenter sensed a growing uneasiness over the changing congregation.
"Whenever you are introducing a significant number of newcomers into a parish, there is naturally going to be some tensions and fear on the part of the people who have been longtime members and when people speak another language, that raises the fears," Carpenter said.
Carpenter said parishioners weren't the only ones unsettled by the changes.
"I have to admit, I had some of those thoughts myself," said the pastor, who speaks little Spanish.
The creation of a bilingual Mass accelerated growth at Christ the King, drawing Latino immigrants who had been attending the Spanish Masses farther away at Queen of Peace Church in downtown Mesa.
Antonio Herrera came to Christ the King from Queen of Peace five years ago, along with his wife, Maria, 38, and their two children, Marco, 11, and Carina, 9.
"I felt comfortable here," said Herrera, 38, a Mexican immigrant from the state of Durango. "I was looking for a place where you could hear the word of God, a place to worship and feel comfortable. That's all (that) all of us are looking for."
In addition to the bilingual Mass, newcomers began requesting other sacraments in Spanish. They also wanted religious education classes in Spanish, and Quinceañeras, the rite-of-passage ceremonies popular in Latin America for 15-year-old daughters.
Rapidly, the church complied, creating more immigrant growth, and more tensions. The church also became more active in political issues, joining the East Valley Interfaith Network to fight anti- immigrant proposals in the state Legislature and push for immigration reform that would benefit undocumented immigrants.
Understanding tensions
Those actions inflamed tensions. Some longtime members were so upset, they left, accusing the church of promoting illegal immigration.
"I always responded, 'That's not the point,' " Carpenter said. "Church teaching is very clear. Church teaching and the Bible is that we have to welcome the stranger and meet them where they are at."
Longtime parishioner Jim Rael recalled some of the grumblings.
"Some of the old guard, they were not too keen on the Hispanic population coming in . . . and availing themselves of the services there," said Rael, 68, a member of Christ the King since 1969. "I would hear it at meetings, or when I would be counting money from the collection plate after church. They would say, 'It seems like we are being overrun by Mexican people.' Or they would say, 'Did you see that one Mexican family? They didn't look like they were dressed for church.' "
Another parishioner, Yazmin Cordoba, 46, heard other grumblings from parishioners who felt immigrants didn't contribute their fair share. Some griped that immigrants didn't register with the church or make pledge donations, or complained that when collection baskets passed through the pews, immigrants often just tossed in a few coins, Cordoba said.
To Cordoba, an immigrant from Mexico City, the complaints illustrated a growing rift between newcomers and longtime parishioners. They also showed a lack of understanding on both sides.
Many longtime parishioners don't understand that immigrants from Mexico and Latin America are typically poor and don't have good-paying, steady jobs, though some are professionals. So donating to the church is often hard for most, Cordoba said.
Or they may not realize that many immigrants are unfamiliar with the concept of tithing in this country because in Mexico the practice of pledging a percentage of your income each week to the church is left to the rich. On the other hand, immigrants may not always realize they can give in other ways, said Cordoba, who serves on the parish hospitality commission.
"They can commit with their time and talents," she said.
'Real devotion'
Over time, the tensions caused by immigration at Christ the King have dissipated, though not completely, said Carpenter, who still has not been replaced as pastor.
Fewer parishioners complained in 2004 when the church made the bilingual Mass totally Spanish, Carpenter said. The Spanish Mass is now one of the most well-attended services on Sunday, and the devotion immigrants often bring has been an inspiration to the rest of the church.
"Initially, when we said we were starting a (bilingual) Mass, there was more objection. But once it started people saw immigrants bring something good - real devotion to the faith and family," Carpenter said.
That devotion was on display one recent Sunday afternoon during the 1 p.m. Spanish Mass. The church was so full, it was nearly impossible to find an empty seat. Strollers blocked the aisles and during his homily Rev. Thomas Hallsten struggled to be heard above the din of crying babies and fussing children. During the Mass alone, Hallsten baptized four babies.
Juan Rodriguez Cornejo, 34, and his wife, Guillermina Rodriguez Romero, 28, sat near the rear among the families. They pulled down the padded bar behind the pew in front of them and knelt following communion, while their children - Juan, 11, Jesus, 9, and Erick, 5 - sat quietly.
Like many of the men, Juan Rodriguez, a construction worker, was dressed in jeans and work boots. He said that his family, originally from Michoacan, Mexico, had just moved into the neighborhood. They were attending Christ the King for the first time.
"I asked one of our neighbors if he knew where there was a Catholic church, and he gave me directions how to get here," Rodriguez said.
A home for 'La Virgen'
To help bring new immigrant families and longtime parishioners together, the church has organized several activities, including a bilingual retreat for men and a camping trip.
The Spanish-speaking congregation at Christ the King also makes an effort every year to invite everyone from the parish to the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe celebration on Dec. 12, when mariachis sing traditional Mexican songs and parishioners serve tamales, sweet bread and other traditional food in honor of Mexico's patron saint.
For years, only Latinos showed up. But last year, for the first time, several Anglos joined the celebration, said Rafael Diaz, 52, one of the Spanish-speaking parishioners.
In the meantime, the congregation has started to look for a permanent place of honor for the statue of the Virgen de Guadalupe donated by a parishioner three years ago.
The statue is only brought out for the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe or other special occasions. Some, however, would like to see the statue placed in the new chapel the church is building this year, instead of in a back room.
"I can foresee in the future Our Lady in a more prominent place," parishioner Rael said.
Catholic leaders reaching out to migrants
A couple of years ago, Tucson Bishop Gerald Kicanas wandered into the church in Altar, Sonora, looking for the parish priest.
He was startled by what he found instead: 18 young men in worn sweatshirts and work pants, kneeling or sitting by themselves in the pews, heads bowed. The migrants were about to set out on foot across the desert toward Arizona.
"We think of young people as not at all religious, " Kicanas said, "and here were young men, they were probably between 17 and 22, just fervent in prayer, putting their lives in the hands of God."
And, as far he was concerned, in the hands of the Catholic Church.
In the five years Kicanas has been in Arizona, he has made the plight of immigrants his battle cry. And he's hardly alone.
Catholic leaders here and across the Southwest are showing a growing willingness to weigh in on the side of immigrants in the acrimonious political debate over solving illegal immigration and securing the nation's borders.
In New Mexico, for example, Archbishop Michael Sheehan recently attacked a U.S. House proposal to build 700 miles of fence along the U.S.-Mexico border, calling it "a very hostile act."
Los Angeles Cardinal Roger M. Mahony said he would instruct his priests to defy a federal proposal to require churches to check the legal status of parishioners before helping them. The Bishop of San Bernardino, which oversees a swath of metro LA and the desert around Palm Springs, reminded parishioners that immigrants have traditionally been welcomed in this country and asked for "solidarity" on the issue.
And here in Arizona, Kicanas and Phoenix Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted were so alarmed by the growing hostility toward undocumented immigrants that they wrote a pastoral letter to parishes throughout the state in December reminding Catholics that welcoming immigrants is part of what it means to be a good Catholic.
But as Catholic leaders grow increasingly more outspoken on behalf of immigrants, they are running into resistance from a surprising source: Catholics. Parishes are proving to be just as divided on immigration as most of the country, and at least some members are letting their priests and bishops know they're opposed to the church's stance.
For the Catholic Church, however, immigration means gaining large numbers of Hispanic immigrants, both documented and undocumented, from Mexico and Latin America, and many parishes have blossomed because of the contributions of new immigrants and their families.
Also, bishops have been emboldened by a national campaign called "Justice for Immigrants" organized by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Pews and policy
The campaign is aimed at pushing Congress to pass comprehensive immigration reform that would legalize many of the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States and create more legal channels for immigrants to come to this country to work.
Targeting lawmakers on Capitol Hill, and the nation's 65 million Catholics, including more than 800,000 in Arizona, the drive has gained momentum at a time when Congress is taking a hard look at immigration. The Senate Judiciary Committee began debating sweeping immigration and border security legislation this month. And in December, the House passed a proposal that emphasizes greater enforcement of immigration laws and fortification of the U.S.-Mexico border.
"The right of migrants to improve their economic status, through illegal entry into another country, cannot be found in Catholic moral teaching," said retired business planner George Garbell, 70, a parishioner at St. Joan of Arc Church in Phoenix. "The church does teach that persons have the right to survival, even if it means stealing to do so. However, there is no justification for violating the laws to improve one's standard of living."
Retired IBM manager Rob Haney, a parishioner at St. Thomas Catholic Church in Phoenix, also is strongly opposed to the bishops' stance on immigration. He feels the bishops are supporting "open borders" that would turn the United States into a "Third World country."
"They (bishops) have no respect for the sovereignty of the country," Haney said. "They want more welfare from the federal government to aid illegal immigration."
By supporting immigration reform that would legalize millions of Latino immigrants, the bishops are undercutting their own stance against abortion, because Latinos tend to vote Democratic, Haney added.
"It makes no sense, " Haney said.
Other Catholics privately hold similar views, expressing them in e-mails and letters to the bishop, or to the Catholic Sun, the diocesan newspaper, said Jose Robles, director of Hispanic Ministry for the Phoenix Diocese.
Church leaders say they realize their stance on immigration is controversial, and that not all Catholics agree.
"The church is not a majority rules society," Kicanas said. "The church tries to live out a tradition entrusted to it by Christ and sometimes what the church teaches is not popular. Sometimes what the church teaches is not what the people would vote for."
Church leaders don't condone illegal immigration and agree the nation's borders must be secured, said Bishop Olmsted of the Phoenix Diocese. But the current immigration system is broken, and out of sync with the nation's labor needs, he said. It forces immigrants to sneak into the country illegally, and results in hundreds of migrant deaths each year, Olmsted said.
"We aren't promoting illegal immigration," Olmsted said. "What we want to have is an immigration policy in this country that meets the real needs and it's not working."
The Catholic Church in the United States has a long history of welcoming immigrants from all over the world, he noted.
The Catholic dioceses in San Bernardino, Calif., Tucson, Phoenix and El Paso are among 70 of the country's 197 that have joined the Justice for Immigrants campaign, said Leo Anchondo, the national manager.
The campaign's goal is to build political will for immigration reform primarily by "changing the minds and hearts" of Catholics, Anchondo said.
The campaign relies on church social teachings in hopes of swaying Catholics.
"It is part of our Catholic faith to welcome strangers and our faith calls upon us to welcome the stranger who came into our country to seek a better life for themselves and their family," Anchondo said.
Maybe so. But not all Catholics see it that way.
"On one hand you feel compassionate for these people," said retired businessman Dick Bauer, a parishioner at St. Mary's Basilica in Phoenix. "On the other hand, we are a nation of laws."
Faith helps parish unite as migrant issues arise
Longtime members often at odds with newcomers
Daniel González
The Arizona Republic
Mar. 12, 2006 12:00 AM
A small plaster statue of the Virgin of Guadalupe, her brown face cloaked in a green scarf, sits on a shelf in a back room of a Catholic church in Mesa.
For certain weddings, religious celebrations and other special occasions, the statue is brought out of hiding and to the front altar for all to see.
Most Sundays, however, it remains in the back, a symbol of an inner struggle at Christ the King Church over how to accommodate a swell of Spanish-speaking immigrants that is rejuvenating the aging parish and still meet the needs and concerns of its mostly Anglo congregation.
advertisement
But Christ the King forges ahead, despite losing some unhappy worshippers, to get past the tensions and focus on faith and devotion.
In pews and under steeples across the Valley and the Southwest, the Catholic Church is coping with the stresses of an unprecedented wave of immigration, both legal and illegal, from Mexico and Central America. Latino immigrants overwhelmingly tend to be Catholic. The state gained more than 500,000 Latino immigrants in the 1990s, the census said, and more keep coming.
Just a few years ago, fewer than 50 Spanish-speaking immigrants regularly attended the sprawling modern church east of downtown Mesa in an older neighborhood of tidy ranch homes.
As the influx at Christ the King sparked hostility and charges of pulpit politics, the church struggled to strike a balance between the needs of mostly poor, Spanish-speaking immigrants, and the wishes of longtime parishioners, Hispanics and Anglos alike.
Arizona Catholic bishops, aware of parish tensions in the region, took the unusual step of writing a pastoral letter late last year reminding the state's 800,000 Catholics that welcoming immigrants is part of church teachings.
"Immigrants, both documented and undocumented, constitute a growing percentage of Arizona Catholics," the bishops wrote in the letter, released Dec. 12 to coincide with the Catholic celebration in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe. "Finding new ways to welcome and integrate immigrants can only make us a stronger and more united Church in Arizona."
In Mesa, the surge inspired one parishioner to donate a statute of La Virgen, the patron saint adored by many Latino Catholics. Like the immigrant population itself, however, no one's been sure what to do with the statue.
A new congregation
At Christ the King, finding ways to welcome Latino immigrants has been challenging.
It started in 1999 when the church introduced a bilingual Spanish-English Mass, in addition to three Sunday morning English Masses.
Christ the King always has prided itself on being hospitable, and in general the congregation supported the bilingual Mass, said the Rev. Christopher Carpenter, the former pastor. But the bilingual Mass didn't sit well with many longtime parishioners, said Carpenter, who took a leave of absence in January, citing health and personal reasons.
Dozens wrote letters and e-mails or voiced objections in person, Carpenter said. The protests came from Anglos and English-speaking Latinos, Carpenter noted. Some complained the bilingual Mass divided the parish into two congregations. Others thought it discouraged immigrants from learning English or that it encouraged illegal immigration.
"I heard things like, 'These people coming here, they might be here illegally. They might be taking our jobs so why should we be helping them?' " Carpenter said.
But more so, Carpenter sensed a growing uneasiness over the changing congregation.
"Whenever you are introducing a significant number of newcomers into a parish, there is naturally going to be some tensions and fear on the part of the people who have been longtime members and when people speak another language, that raises the fears," Carpenter said.
Carpenter said parishioners weren't the only ones unsettled by the changes.
"I have to admit, I had some of those thoughts myself," said the pastor, who speaks little Spanish.
The creation of a bilingual Mass accelerated growth at Christ the King, drawing Latino immigrants who had been attending the Spanish Masses farther away at Queen of Peace Church in downtown Mesa.
Antonio Herrera came to Christ the King from Queen of Peace five years ago, along with his wife, Maria, 38, and their two children, Marco, 11, and Carina, 9.
"I felt comfortable here," said Herrera, 38, a Mexican immigrant from the state of Durango. "I was looking for a place where you could hear the word of God, a place to worship and feel comfortable. That's all (that) all of us are looking for."
In addition to the bilingual Mass, newcomers began requesting other sacraments in Spanish. They also wanted religious education classes in Spanish, and Quinceañeras, the rite-of-passage ceremonies popular in Latin America for 15-year-old daughters.
Rapidly, the church complied, creating more immigrant growth, and more tensions. The church also became more active in political issues, joining the East Valley Interfaith Network to fight anti- immigrant proposals in the state Legislature and push for immigration reform that would benefit undocumented immigrants.
Understanding tensions
Those actions inflamed tensions. Some longtime members were so upset, they left, accusing the church of promoting illegal immigration.
"I always responded, 'That's not the point,' " Carpenter said. "Church teaching is very clear. Church teaching and the Bible is that we have to welcome the stranger and meet them where they are at."
Longtime parishioner Jim Rael recalled some of the grumblings.
"Some of the old guard, they were not too keen on the Hispanic population coming in . . . and availing themselves of the services there," said Rael, 68, a member of Christ the King since 1969. "I would hear it at meetings, or when I would be counting money from the collection plate after church. They would say, 'It seems like we are being overrun by Mexican people.' Or they would say, 'Did you see that one Mexican family? They didn't look like they were dressed for church.' "
Another parishioner, Yazmin Cordoba, 46, heard other grumblings from parishioners who felt immigrants didn't contribute their fair share. Some griped that immigrants didn't register with the church or make pledge donations, or complained that when collection baskets passed through the pews, immigrants often just tossed in a few coins, Cordoba said.
To Cordoba, an immigrant from Mexico City, the complaints illustrated a growing rift between newcomers and longtime parishioners. They also showed a lack of understanding on both sides.
Many longtime parishioners don't understand that immigrants from Mexico and Latin America are typically poor and don't have good-paying, steady jobs, though some are professionals. So donating to the church is often hard for most, Cordoba said.
Or they may not realize that many immigrants are unfamiliar with the concept of tithing in this country because in Mexico the practice of pledging a percentage of your income each week to the church is left to the rich. On the other hand, immigrants may not always realize they can give in other ways, said Cordoba, who serves on the parish hospitality commission.
"They can commit with their time and talents," she said.
'Real devotion'
Over time, the tensions caused by immigration at Christ the King have dissipated, though not completely, said Carpenter, who still has not been replaced as pastor.
Fewer parishioners complained in 2004 when the church made the bilingual Mass totally Spanish, Carpenter said. The Spanish Mass is now one of the most well-attended services on Sunday, and the devotion immigrants often bring has been an inspiration to the rest of the church.
"Initially, when we said we were starting a (bilingual) Mass, there was more objection. But once it started people saw immigrants bring something good - real devotion to the faith and family," Carpenter said.
That devotion was on display one recent Sunday afternoon during the 1 p.m. Spanish Mass. The church was so full, it was nearly impossible to find an empty seat. Strollers blocked the aisles and during his homily Rev. Thomas Hallsten struggled to be heard above the din of crying babies and fussing children. During the Mass alone, Hallsten baptized four babies.
Juan Rodriguez Cornejo, 34, and his wife, Guillermina Rodriguez Romero, 28, sat near the rear among the families. They pulled down the padded bar behind the pew in front of them and knelt following communion, while their children - Juan, 11, Jesus, 9, and Erick, 5 - sat quietly.
Like many of the men, Juan Rodriguez, a construction worker, was dressed in jeans and work boots. He said that his family, originally from Michoacan, Mexico, had just moved into the neighborhood. They were attending Christ the King for the first time.
"I asked one of our neighbors if he knew where there was a Catholic church, and he gave me directions how to get here," Rodriguez said.
A home for 'La Virgen'
To help bring new immigrant families and longtime parishioners together, the church has organized several activities, including a bilingual retreat for men and a camping trip.
The Spanish-speaking congregation at Christ the King also makes an effort every year to invite everyone from the parish to the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe celebration on Dec. 12, when mariachis sing traditional Mexican songs and parishioners serve tamales, sweet bread and other traditional food in honor of Mexico's patron saint.
For years, only Latinos showed up. But last year, for the first time, several Anglos joined the celebration, said Rafael Diaz, 52, one of the Spanish-speaking parishioners.
In the meantime, the congregation has started to look for a permanent place of honor for the statue of the Virgen de Guadalupe donated by a parishioner three years ago.
The statue is only brought out for the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe or other special occasions. Some, however, would like to see the statue placed in the new chapel the church is building this year, instead of in a back room.
"I can foresee in the future Our Lady in a more prominent place," parishioner Rael said.
Catholic leaders reaching out to migrants
A couple of years ago, Tucson Bishop Gerald Kicanas wandered into the church in Altar, Sonora, looking for the parish priest.
He was startled by what he found instead: 18 young men in worn sweatshirts and work pants, kneeling or sitting by themselves in the pews, heads bowed. The migrants were about to set out on foot across the desert toward Arizona.
"We think of young people as not at all religious, " Kicanas said, "and here were young men, they were probably between 17 and 22, just fervent in prayer, putting their lives in the hands of God."
And, as far he was concerned, in the hands of the Catholic Church.
In the five years Kicanas has been in Arizona, he has made the plight of immigrants his battle cry. And he's hardly alone.
Catholic leaders here and across the Southwest are showing a growing willingness to weigh in on the side of immigrants in the acrimonious political debate over solving illegal immigration and securing the nation's borders.
In New Mexico, for example, Archbishop Michael Sheehan recently attacked a U.S. House proposal to build 700 miles of fence along the U.S.-Mexico border, calling it "a very hostile act."
Los Angeles Cardinal Roger M. Mahony said he would instruct his priests to defy a federal proposal to require churches to check the legal status of parishioners before helping them. The Bishop of San Bernardino, which oversees a swath of metro LA and the desert around Palm Springs, reminded parishioners that immigrants have traditionally been welcomed in this country and asked for "solidarity" on the issue.
And here in Arizona, Kicanas and Phoenix Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted were so alarmed by the growing hostility toward undocumented immigrants that they wrote a pastoral letter to parishes throughout the state in December reminding Catholics that welcoming immigrants is part of what it means to be a good Catholic.
But as Catholic leaders grow increasingly more outspoken on behalf of immigrants, they are running into resistance from a surprising source: Catholics. Parishes are proving to be just as divided on immigration as most of the country, and at least some members are letting their priests and bishops know they're opposed to the church's stance.
For the Catholic Church, however, immigration means gaining large numbers of Hispanic immigrants, both documented and undocumented, from Mexico and Latin America, and many parishes have blossomed because of the contributions of new immigrants and their families.
Also, bishops have been emboldened by a national campaign called "Justice for Immigrants" organized by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Pews and policy
The campaign is aimed at pushing Congress to pass comprehensive immigration reform that would legalize many of the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States and create more legal channels for immigrants to come to this country to work.
Targeting lawmakers on Capitol Hill, and the nation's 65 million Catholics, including more than 800,000 in Arizona, the drive has gained momentum at a time when Congress is taking a hard look at immigration. The Senate Judiciary Committee began debating sweeping immigration and border security legislation this month. And in December, the House passed a proposal that emphasizes greater enforcement of immigration laws and fortification of the U.S.-Mexico border.
"The right of migrants to improve their economic status, through illegal entry into another country, cannot be found in Catholic moral teaching," said retired business planner George Garbell, 70, a parishioner at St. Joan of Arc Church in Phoenix. "The church does teach that persons have the right to survival, even if it means stealing to do so. However, there is no justification for violating the laws to improve one's standard of living."
Retired IBM manager Rob Haney, a parishioner at St. Thomas Catholic Church in Phoenix, also is strongly opposed to the bishops' stance on immigration. He feels the bishops are supporting "open borders" that would turn the United States into a "Third World country."
"They (bishops) have no respect for the sovereignty of the country," Haney said. "They want more welfare from the federal government to aid illegal immigration."
By supporting immigration reform that would legalize millions of Latino immigrants, the bishops are undercutting their own stance against abortion, because Latinos tend to vote Democratic, Haney added.
"It makes no sense, " Haney said.
Other Catholics privately hold similar views, expressing them in e-mails and letters to the bishop, or to the Catholic Sun, the diocesan newspaper, said Jose Robles, director of Hispanic Ministry for the Phoenix Diocese.
Church leaders say they realize their stance on immigration is controversial, and that not all Catholics agree.
"The church is not a majority rules society," Kicanas said. "The church tries to live out a tradition entrusted to it by Christ and sometimes what the church teaches is not popular. Sometimes what the church teaches is not what the people would vote for."
Church leaders don't condone illegal immigration and agree the nation's borders must be secured, said Bishop Olmsted of the Phoenix Diocese. But the current immigration system is broken, and out of sync with the nation's labor needs, he said. It forces immigrants to sneak into the country illegally, and results in hundreds of migrant deaths each year, Olmsted said.
"We aren't promoting illegal immigration," Olmsted said. "What we want to have is an immigration policy in this country that meets the real needs and it's not working."
The Catholic Church in the United States has a long history of welcoming immigrants from all over the world, he noted.
The Catholic dioceses in San Bernardino, Calif., Tucson, Phoenix and El Paso are among 70 of the country's 197 that have joined the Justice for Immigrants campaign, said Leo Anchondo, the national manager.
The campaign's goal is to build political will for immigration reform primarily by "changing the minds and hearts" of Catholics, Anchondo said.
The campaign relies on church social teachings in hopes of swaying Catholics.
"It is part of our Catholic faith to welcome strangers and our faith calls upon us to welcome the stranger who came into our country to seek a better life for themselves and their family," Anchondo said.
Maybe so. But not all Catholics see it that way.
"On one hand you feel compassionate for these people," said retired businessman Dick Bauer, a parishioner at St. Mary's Basilica in Phoenix. "On the other hand, we are a nation of laws."
Thursday, March 09, 2006
Up to 40% No Longer Love thy Neighbor Because of Economic Theory - Editorial, eMediaWire
This is a fascinating viewpoint, and very closely related to the monthly poll we are hosting on the Newcomers Network website this month - From a faith context, how would you describe Australia?...Sue Ellson
http://www.emediawire.com/releases/2006/3/emw355373.htm
All Press Releases for March 8, 2006
Up to 40% No Longer Love thy Neighbor Because of Economic Theory
In a startling result, close to 40% of respondents to a new Internet survey no longer subscribe to key elements of traditional morality - the historical means of creating cohesive societies. The challenge for modern societies everywhere is how to re-establish the sense of traditional morality without negating the efficiency advantages of economic theory.
Sydney, Australia (PRWEB) March 8 2006 -- In a startling result, close to 40% of respondents to a new Internet survey no longer subscribe to key elements of traditional morality - the historical means of creating cohesive societies.
This is the key factor behind much of the social unrest globally, according to George Matafonov, author of a new book entitled Fire & Water: Market Morality & Civil Society, who is also conducting the survey at www.moralcompass.org.
"While the threat of terrorism and multiculturalism are often convenient and easy scapegoats, the root causes of social unrest globally lie in the experiment in trying to model the moral core of society on economic theory, rather than traditional human values," said Matafonov. "While economic theory results in efficiency in competitive markets, it has no place outside the market," he added.
As humans, we have been living in societies for tens of thousands of years and have developed values and our sense of morality to enable us to live in peace, harmony and prosperity.
In the space of less than 50 years, economic theory has turned all this upside down by insisting our chief value should be competitive self-interest.
Enthusiastically embraced by politicians of all persuasion and enforced through the market -- which is quickly becoming the central institution in terms of influence on our lives -- the morality of the market is spreading outside the confines of market at an alarming rate.
The challenge for modern societies everywhere is how to re-establish the sense of traditional morality without negating the efficiency advantages of economic theory.
According to the author, running an awareness campaign entitled, "Do Right by Others" is all that may be required to restore the key tenets of traditional morality, and hence social cohesion.
The survey is open to the public and the results to date and analysis are available on line at www.moralcompass.org.
http://www.emediawire.com/releases/2006/3/emw355373.htm
All Press Releases for March 8, 2006
Up to 40% No Longer Love thy Neighbor Because of Economic Theory
In a startling result, close to 40% of respondents to a new Internet survey no longer subscribe to key elements of traditional morality - the historical means of creating cohesive societies. The challenge for modern societies everywhere is how to re-establish the sense of traditional morality without negating the efficiency advantages of economic theory.
Sydney, Australia (PRWEB) March 8 2006 -- In a startling result, close to 40% of respondents to a new Internet survey no longer subscribe to key elements of traditional morality - the historical means of creating cohesive societies.
This is the key factor behind much of the social unrest globally, according to George Matafonov, author of a new book entitled Fire & Water: Market Morality & Civil Society, who is also conducting the survey at www.moralcompass.org.
"While the threat of terrorism and multiculturalism are often convenient and easy scapegoats, the root causes of social unrest globally lie in the experiment in trying to model the moral core of society on economic theory, rather than traditional human values," said Matafonov. "While economic theory results in efficiency in competitive markets, it has no place outside the market," he added.
As humans, we have been living in societies for tens of thousands of years and have developed values and our sense of morality to enable us to live in peace, harmony and prosperity.
In the space of less than 50 years, economic theory has turned all this upside down by insisting our chief value should be competitive self-interest.
Enthusiastically embraced by politicians of all persuasion and enforced through the market -- which is quickly becoming the central institution in terms of influence on our lives -- the morality of the market is spreading outside the confines of market at an alarming rate.
The challenge for modern societies everywhere is how to re-establish the sense of traditional morality without negating the efficiency advantages of economic theory.
According to the author, running an awareness campaign entitled, "Do Right by Others" is all that may be required to restore the key tenets of traditional morality, and hence social cohesion.
The survey is open to the public and the results to date and analysis are available on line at www.moralcompass.org.
Wednesday, March 08, 2006
Australia a racist country, poll says - Paul Colgan, News.com.au
These survey results are dissimilar to what the recent poll on the Newcomers Network website showed:
Do you think most people living in Australia are racist?
No: 9 27.3%
Yes, but no more than other countries: 8 24.2%
Yes, but less than other countries: 4 12.1%
Yes, but only against some groups: 6 18.2%
Yes: 6 18.2%
Total votes: 33
Whilst I realise that the sample is not as great, I think it is important to reflect on WHO would be inclined to answer this poll via news.com.au....Sue Ellson
http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18362839-421,00.html?from=rss
Australia a racist country, poll says
By Paul Colgan
March 06, 2006
Cronulla riots / AP
Race riots ... NEWS.com.au readers disagreed with the Prime Minister's statement that there was no underlying racism in Australia / AP
ALMOST two-thirds of Australians believe there is underlying racism in the country and four in 10 people believe it can be described as a racist nation, according to a NEWS.com.au poll.
Four out of every five respondents to the survey, conducted in the wake of recent controversial statements by the Howard Government, believed immigrants should be forced to adopt Australian values when they arrived.
Related story Beach violence: Race riot warnings 'ignored'
MP3 Download MP3: Listen to this story (powered by Audio Read)
While the survey showed broad community support for recent statements by Prime Minister John Howard and Treasurer Peter Costello on racism and immigration, respondents overwhelmingly disagreed with Mr Howard's assertion - made in the wake of the Cronulla riots last December - that there was no underlying racism in Australia.
Respondents to the Coredata survey, commissioned by NEWS.com.au, also disagreed with the Prime Minister's claim last month that most Australians would prefer not to see Muslim women in full traditional dress.
There were more than 2550 respondents to the online survey conducted over two days last week, and the results reflect the opinions of those people who chose to take part.
A recent speech by Mr Costello in which he said new arrivals to Australia should be forced to live by the country's existing values drew widespread support, with 79 per cent of respondents backing his point of view.
Opinion was divided on the nature of Australian values. Mateship and fairness were seen as key values by 86 per cent of respondents, while only two-thirds agreed that respect for the law was a national value. The same amount - 66 per cent - believed larrikinism was an Australian value.
Given a number of options on what best described an Australian, the statement most favoured was "people who love Australia and love being in Australia" - 45 per cent of respondents backed the statement.
"People who have gained citizenship in Australia" (20 per cent), and "people with Australian values" (13 per cent) were also favoured.
Only 2.2 per cent of people surveyed selected "White Australians" as an option to describe nationals.
One in four respondents actively disagreed that multiculturalism was an Australian value. Around one in seven respondents - 14 per cent - believed extremist clerics should be allowed to preach here.
Asked if John Howard - who marked his 10th year in power last week - should remain as Prime Minister, 42 per cent of respondents agreed while 39 per cent disagreed.
Only 28 per cent of respondents believed Australian values had improved during Mr Howard's time in power.
A slight majority of Liberal voters believed values had improved, but less than 10 per cent of other voters, including Labor, believed values had improved in that time.
Do you think most people living in Australia are racist?
No: 9 27.3%
Yes, but no more than other countries: 8 24.2%
Yes, but less than other countries: 4 12.1%
Yes, but only against some groups: 6 18.2%
Yes: 6 18.2%
Total votes: 33
Whilst I realise that the sample is not as great, I think it is important to reflect on WHO would be inclined to answer this poll via news.com.au....Sue Ellson
http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18362839-421,00.html?from=rss
Australia a racist country, poll says
By Paul Colgan
March 06, 2006
Cronulla riots / AP
Race riots ... NEWS.com.au readers disagreed with the Prime Minister's statement that there was no underlying racism in Australia / AP
ALMOST two-thirds of Australians believe there is underlying racism in the country and four in 10 people believe it can be described as a racist nation, according to a NEWS.com.au poll.
Four out of every five respondents to the survey, conducted in the wake of recent controversial statements by the Howard Government, believed immigrants should be forced to adopt Australian values when they arrived.
Related story Beach violence: Race riot warnings 'ignored'
MP3 Download MP3: Listen to this story (powered by Audio Read)
While the survey showed broad community support for recent statements by Prime Minister John Howard and Treasurer Peter Costello on racism and immigration, respondents overwhelmingly disagreed with Mr Howard's assertion - made in the wake of the Cronulla riots last December - that there was no underlying racism in Australia.
Respondents to the Coredata survey, commissioned by NEWS.com.au, also disagreed with the Prime Minister's claim last month that most Australians would prefer not to see Muslim women in full traditional dress.
There were more than 2550 respondents to the online survey conducted over two days last week, and the results reflect the opinions of those people who chose to take part.
A recent speech by Mr Costello in which he said new arrivals to Australia should be forced to live by the country's existing values drew widespread support, with 79 per cent of respondents backing his point of view.
Opinion was divided on the nature of Australian values. Mateship and fairness were seen as key values by 86 per cent of respondents, while only two-thirds agreed that respect for the law was a national value. The same amount - 66 per cent - believed larrikinism was an Australian value.
Given a number of options on what best described an Australian, the statement most favoured was "people who love Australia and love being in Australia" - 45 per cent of respondents backed the statement.
"People who have gained citizenship in Australia" (20 per cent), and "people with Australian values" (13 per cent) were also favoured.
Only 2.2 per cent of people surveyed selected "White Australians" as an option to describe nationals.
One in four respondents actively disagreed that multiculturalism was an Australian value. Around one in seven respondents - 14 per cent - believed extremist clerics should be allowed to preach here.
Asked if John Howard - who marked his 10th year in power last week - should remain as Prime Minister, 42 per cent of respondents agreed while 39 per cent disagreed.
Only 28 per cent of respondents believed Australian values had improved during Mr Howard's time in power.
A slight majority of Liberal voters believed values had improved, but less than 10 per cent of other voters, including Labor, believed values had improved in that time.
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